Memes are powerful means for effective communication on social media. Their effortless amalgamation of viral visuals and compelling messages can have far-reaching implications with proper marketing. Previous research on memes has primarily focused on characterizing their affective spectrum and detecting whether the meme's message insinuates any intended harm, such as hate, offense, racism, etc. However, memes often use abstraction, which can be elusive. Here, we introduce a novel task - EXCLAIM, generating explanations for visual semantic role labeling in memes. To this end, we curate ExHVV, a novel dataset that offers natural language explanations of connotative roles for three types of entities - heroes, villains, and victims, encompassing 4,680 entities present in 3K memes. We also benchmark ExHVV with several strong unimodal and multimodal baselines. Moreover, we posit LUMEN, a novel multimodal, multi-task learning framework that endeavors to address EXCLAIM optimally by jointly learning to predict the correct semantic roles and correspondingly to generate suitable natural language explanations. LUMEN distinctly outperforms the best baseline across 18 standard natural language generation evaluation metrics. Our systematic evaluation and analyses demonstrate that characteristic multimodal cues required for adjudicating semantic roles are also helpful for generating suitable explanations.

推文是在线社交媒体中最简洁的交流形式，其中一条推文有可能制作或打破对话的话语。在线仇恨言论比以往任何时候都更容易访问，并且扼杀其传播对于社交媒体公司和用户进行友好沟通至关重要。除了最近的一条推文分类，无论导致这一点的推文线程/上下文如何，大多数研究都集中在对单个推文进行分类。遏制仇恨言论的经典方法之一是在仇恨言论邮寄后采用反应性策略。事实上的事实策略导致忽略了微妙的帖子，这些帖子并未显示出自己激发仇恨言论的潜力，但可能会在随后在帖子的答复中随后的讨论中进行预言。在本文中，我们提出了Dragnet ++，该论文旨在预测推文可以通过其未来的回复链引入的仇恨强度。它使用推文线程的语义和传播结构来最大化导致每个后续推文的仇恨强度的上下文信息。我们探索了三个公开可用的Twitter数据集 - 反种族主义包含有关社交媒体讨论在美国政治和COVID-19的背景期间关于种族主义言论的回答推文；反社会介绍了一个关于反社会行为的19000万推文的数据集；和反亚洲介绍了基于19日大流行期间的反亚洲行为的Twitter数据集。所有策划的数据集都包含Tweet线程的结构图信息。我们表明，Dragnet ++的表现大大优于所有最先进的基线。它比人相关系数的最佳基线降低了11 \％的利润率，而反种族主义数据集则在RMSE上降低了25 \％，而其他两个数据集则具有相似的性能。

心理治疗干预技术是治疗师和患者之间的多方面对话。与一般的临床讨论不同，心理治疗的核心成分（即症状）很难区分，因此成为以后要总结的复杂问题。结构化的咨询对话可能包含有关症状，心理健康问题病史或发现患者行为的讨论。它还可能包含与临床摘要无关的讨论填充单词。我们将结构化心理治疗的这些要素称为咨询组成部分。在本文中，目的是心理健康咨询的摘要，以基于领域知识并帮助临床医生快速收集意义。在注释咨询组件的12.9k话语和每次对话的参考摘要之后，我们创建了一个新的数据集。此外，我们建议消费是一种新颖的咨询组件指导摘要模型。消费经历三个独立模块。首先，为了评估抑郁症状的存在，它使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）过滤了话语，而第二和第三模块旨在对咨询组件进行分类。最后，我们提出了针对特定问题的心理健康信息捕获（MHIC）评估指标，用于咨询摘要。我们的比较研究表明，我们改善了性能并产生凝聚力，语义和连贯的摘要。我们全面分析了生成的摘要，以研究心理治疗元素的捕获。摘要的人类和临床评估表明，消费会产生质量摘要。此外，心理健康专家验证了消费的临床可接受性。最后，我们讨论了现实世界中心理健康咨询摘要的独特性，并在Mathic.ai的支持下显示了其在线应用程序上的部署的证据

The COVID-19 pandemic created a deluge of questionable and contradictory scientific claims about drug efficacy -- an "infodemic" with lasting consequences for science and society. In this work, we argue that NLP models can help domain experts distill and understand the literature in this complex, high-stakes area. Our task is to automatically identify contradictory claims about COVID-19 drug efficacy. We frame this as a natural language inference problem and offer a new NLI dataset created by domain experts. The NLI framing allows us to create curricula combining existing datasets and our own. The resulting models are useful investigative tools. We provide a case study of how these models help a domain expert summarize and assess evidence concerning remdisivir and hydroxychloroquine.

This volume contains revised versions of the papers selected for the third volume of the Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI (OHAAI). Previously, formal theories of argument and argument interaction have been proposed and studied, and this has led to the more recent study of computational models of argument. Argumentation, as a field within artificial intelligence (AI), is highly relevant for researchers interested in symbolic representations of knowledge and defeasible reasoning. The purpose of this handbook is to provide an open access and curated anthology for the argumentation research community. OHAAI is designed to serve as a research hub to keep track of the latest and upcoming PhD-driven research on the theory and application of argumentation in all areas related to AI.

Deep learning models operating in the complex domain are used due to their rich representation capacity. However, most of these models are either restricted to the first quadrant of the complex plane or project the complex-valued data into the real domain, causing a loss of information. This paper proposes that operating entirely in the complex domain increases the overall performance of complex-valued models. A novel, fully complex-valued learning scheme is proposed to train a Fully Complex-valued Convolutional Neural Network (FC-CNN) using a newly proposed complex-valued loss function and training strategy. Benchmarked on CIFAR-10, SVHN, and CIFAR-100, FC-CNN has a 4-10% gain compared to its real-valued counterpart, maintaining the model complexity. With fewer parameters, it achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art complex-valued models on CIFAR-10 and SVHN. For the CIFAR-100 dataset, it achieves state-of-the-art performance with 25% fewer parameters. FC-CNN shows better training efficiency and much faster convergence than all the other models.

Building segmentation in high-resolution InSAR images is a challenging task that can be useful for large-scale surveillance. Although complex-valued deep learning networks perform better than their real-valued counterparts for complex-valued SAR data, phase information is not retained throughout the network, which causes a loss of information. This paper proposes a Fully Complex-valued, Fully Convolutional Multi-feature Fusion Network(FC2MFN) for building semantic segmentation on InSAR images using a novel, fully complex-valued learning scheme. The network learns multi-scale features, performs multi-feature fusion, and has a complex-valued output. For the particularity of complex-valued InSAR data, a new complex-valued pooling layer is proposed that compares complex numbers considering their magnitude and phase. This helps the network retain the phase information even through the pooling layer. Experimental results on the simulated InSAR dataset show that FC2MFN achieves better results compared to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation performance and model complexity.

Object detection and classification using aerial images is a challenging task as the information regarding targets are not abundant. Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images can be used for Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) systems as it can operate in all-weather conditions and in low light settings. But, SAR images contain salt and pepper noise(speckle noise) that cause hindrance for the deep learning models to extract meaningful features. Using just aerial view Electro-optical(EO) images for ATR systems may also not result in high accuracy as these images are of low resolution and also do not provide ample information in extreme weather conditions. Therefore, information from multiple sensors can be used to enhance the performance of Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) systems. In this paper, we explore a methodology to use both EO and SAR sensor information to effectively improve the performance of the ATR systems by handling the shortcomings of each of the sensors. A novel Multi-Modal Domain Fusion(MDF) network is proposed to learn the domain invariant features from multi-modal data and use it to accurately classify the aerial view objects. The proposed MDF network achieves top-10 performance in the Track-1 with an accuracy of 25.3 % and top-5 performance in Track-2 with an accuracy of 34.26 % in the test phase on the PBVS MAVOC Challenge dataset [18].

Over the recent twenty years, argumentation has received considerable attention in the fields of knowledge representation, reasoning, and multi-agent systems. However, argumentation in dynamic multi-agent systems encounters the problem of significant arguments generated by agents, which comes at the expense of representational complexity and computational cost. In this work, we aim to investigate the notion of abstraction from the model-checking perspective, where several arguments are trying to defend the same position from various points of view, thereby reducing the size of the argumentation framework whilst preserving the semantic flow structure in the system.

This paper addresses the problem of position estimation in UAVs operating in a cluttered environment where GPS information is unavailable. A model learning-based approach is proposed that takes in the rotor RPMs and past state as input and predicts the one-step-ahead position of the UAV using a novel spectral-normalized memory neural network (SN-MNN). The spectral normalization guarantees stable and reliable prediction performance. The predicted position is transformed to global coordinate frame which is then fused along with the odometry of other peripheral sensors like IMU, barometer, compass etc., using the onboard extended Kalman filter to estimate the states of the UAV. The experimental flight data collected from a motion capture facility using a micro-UAV is used to train the SN-MNN. The PX4-ECL library is used to replay the flight data using the proposed algorithm, and the estimated position is compared with actual ground truth data. The proposed algorithm doesn't require any additional onboard sensors, and is computationally light. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with the current state-of-art GPS-denied algorithms, and it can be seen that the proposed algorithm has the least RMSE for position estimates.